Feem ntau siv cov ntsiab lus alloying raws li lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hlau tuaj yeem muab faib ua: cov khoom siv ntxiv dag zog (MRSi, A, Cr, Ni, MoCu, thiab lwm yam), cov khoom ua kom zoo (A, NbxV, Ti, N, thiab lwm yam), nag lossis daus hardening ntsiab (NbV, T, thiab lwm yam), raws li tau zoo raws li theem hloov ntxiv zog ntsiab (MnSi, M txias). C: tsim pearlitic los yog diffuse nag lossis daus ntawm alloy carbide nyob rau hauv steel, thiaj li hais tias cov hlau muaj zog. Ua kom muaj zog. Nyob rau hauv microalloyed steel rau tsim ib tug npaum li cas ntawm carbon-nitride, cov ntsiab lus carbon tsuas yog ib qho kev txo cov pa roj carbon monoxide tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov toughness thiab vuam kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hlau.
Mn siab Mn / C piv los txhim kho lub zog tawm los thiab kev cuam tshuam toughness ntawm steel muaj qhov zoo dua. Yuav txo tau qhov kub hloov pauv yog qhov tsim nyog rau lub nucleation ntawm acicular ferrite: nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem cua sov tuaj yeem ua rau kom cov pa roj carbon-nitride-forming ntsiab nyob rau hauv Y-Fe, yog li ua kom tus nqi diffuse nag lossis daus ntawm carbides hauv ferrite. . Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov poob ntawm lub zog vim yog cov nyhuv Bauchinger tuaj yeem raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kev ntxhov siab / cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau vim muaj manganese siab.
Si: Feem ntau cov hlau tsis tshua muaj siab zog steels tsis yog alloyed nrog silicon, uas yog ib qho ntxiv nyob rau hauv kub dov ferritic-martensitic multiphase steels.
Mn Aluminium-muaj steels (0}% muaj zog dua thiab muaj zog dua li cov pa ferritic-pearlitic steels. Tus yuam sij muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau kev hloov pauv pearlitic ntawm cov hlau thaum txias.
NbV, Ti: qis carbon laum steel lossis qis carbon - txhuas hlau los ntawm kev ntxiv % Nb (los yog V, Ti) muaj cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov nplej thiab nag lossis daus hardening. Chin nyob rau hauv cov hlau los tsim sulfides, txhim kho cov anisotropy ntawm kev cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua kom txias.
Rare ntiaj teb cov ntsiab lus (RE): kab (% los yog li) cov hlau tsis tshua muaj, tsis cuam tshuam rau lub zog ntawm cov hlau. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog desulphurise, nws kuj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws sulfide morphology tswj lub ntsiab, txo cov anisotropy ntawm toughness thiab tiv thaiv txheej tearing ntawm hlau.
Lwm cov ntsiab lus Ni, Cr, Cu, thiab lwm yam .: cov khoom siv hardening nyob rau hauv microalloyed steel tsis zoo heev, nyob rau hauv cov hlau tsis-tempered feem ntau yog tswj nyob rau hauv qis cov ntsiab lus.
