Round Steel
Steel Round Bar: Ntiaj teb no Specifications, Khoom Classifications, thiab Technical Selection Encyclopedia
1. Cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
A Round Baryog cov khoom siv steel ntev ntev nrog lub voj voos -section. Nws specification yog qhia los ntawm nws txoj kab uas hla nyob rau hauv millimeters (mm). Piv txwv li, "50mm" sawv cev rau ib puag ncig bar nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 50mm.
Round bars muaj ntau yam nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov kev lag luam, xws li los ntawm cov txheej txheem yooj yim mus rau siab - qhov tseeb aerospace qhov chaw. Lawv cov khaub lig sib xws -section muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws torsional zog thiab machining yooj.
Nyeem ntxiv: Cov Khoom Siv Round Round thiab lawv cov ntawv thov
2. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab kev kho deg
Raws li ib puag ncig yuav tsum tau thiab precision xav tau, round tuav yog tsim los ntawm plaub txheej txheem tseem ceeb:
- Kub-Rolled Round Bar:Ua raws liGB/T 702. Muaj nyob rau hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg 5.5mm-380mm. Nws nta cov nplai oxide nto (mill scale) thiab tsim nyog rau kev tsim kho thiab cov khoom siv dav dav.
- Forged Round Bar:Ua raws liGB/T 908. Cov txheej txheem forging ua rau muaj cov qauv hauv cov nplej denser, feem ntau yog siv rau hnyav -cov haujlwm ua haujlwm raug kev ntxhov siab heev.
- Txias-Drawn Round Bar:Ua raws liGB/T 3078/GB/T 905. Nws muaj qhov ci tiav thiab qhov tseeb qhov tseeb (piv txwv li, H7-H11 kam rau ua). Nws tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha rau hauv precision ncej machining, txuag nqi ntawm kev xa khoom ua ntej / txiav.
- Galvanized Round Bar:Ua los ntawm kev siv lub Kub-Dip lossis Electro- galvanized txheej rau kub- dov los yog txias - rub tuav.
Deep Dive: Kev siv ntau yam ntawm Galvanized Round Bars
Tshaj li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yooj yim, galvanized round tuav yog cov pob txha ntawm "kev tiv thaiv corrosion" nyob rau sab nraum zoov thiab hnyav ib puag ncig:
- Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob:Siv los ua jumpers ntawm cov hlau txuas (feem ntau Φ6, Φ8), cov hlua tiv thaiv xob laim, thiab nqes -cov khoom siv rau kev tiv thaiv xob laim hauv av.
- Kev tsim kho thiab facades:Txhawb cov tswv cuab rau cov iav kab hlau rhuav phab ntsa, hangers rau qhuav - dai pob zeb, thiab nro rods los yog kab pheeb ces kaum bracing nyob rau hauv lub teeb steel qauv.
- Tsheb thauj mus los Infrastructure:Guardrail posts rau txoj kev loj, signpost brackets, railway catenary pillars, thiab tunnel support systems.
- Modern Agriculture:Skeleton thav duab rau zaub tsev cog khoom, tsev cog khoom shading system kab teeb, thiab laj kab rau cov cuab yeej siv tsiaj txhu.
- Lub Nroog thiab Photovoltaic (PV):Thauj tog rau nkoj bolts rau txoj kev teeb lub hauv paus, txuas rods rau hnub ci PV brackets, chaw ua si toj roob hauv pes fencing, thiab cov khoom siv sab nraum zoov.
- Marine thiab Petrochemical:Jetty choj txhawb nqa rau cov chaw nres nkoj ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv thiab cov yeeb nkab sab nraum zoov txhawb nqa (ua raws li tus nqi- siv tau zoo rau cov hlau tsis muaj steel).
3. Kev soj ntsuam ntawm Cov Qauv Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv raug cai, cov qauv kev ua haujlwm rau cov kab puag ncig tau muab faib ua plaub qhov loj:
| Standard Qeb | Hom Standard | Scope ntawm daim ntawv thov | Yam yuav tsum tau muaj |
| Basic Standard | GB/T 702 | Cov kev cai dav dav rau kub- dov steel tuav (5.5-380mm) | Pom zoo |
| Khoom Txheem | GB/T 699 | Zoo carbon structural steels | Pom zoo |
| Txuj kev tshaj lij | GB/T 3078 | Tej yam kev mob rau txias - kos steel tuav (High precision) | Pom zoo |
| Kev Nyab Xeeb Txuj | GB 1499.2 | Cov kev xav tau ntawm cov hlau rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov pob zeb | Yuav tsum tau |
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Precision thiab kam rau ua:
- Dimensional Permissible Variation:Noj cov khoom kub- dov ua piv txwv (GB/T 702-2017), qhov kev tso cai hloov pauv rau txoj kab uas hla d Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 40mm yog± 0.4 hli; for d>40-80mm, qhov kam rau ua yog dav rau± 0.6 hli. Rau cov khaub thuas- rub tuav (3–6mm), qhov kam rau ua yog nruj li± 0.05 hli.
- Ncaj / Curvature Requirements:Curvature ib 'meter' yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj6mm ib, thiab tag nrho curvature yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj0.6%ntawm tag nrho qhov ntev.
- Decarburization Qhov tob (Cold-kos):Rau d Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 16mm, nws yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj0.2 hli; ford>16mm, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj1.5%ntawm txoj kab uas hla.
- Nto Zoo:Txias-cov kab kos muaj qhov roughness ntawmRa Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1.6μm.
- Delivery condition:Feem ntau xa hauv qhov ntev ncaj; Txawm li cas los xij, kev xa hauv coils tuaj yeem sib tham. Cov khoom xa tuaj ntawm qhov luv luv yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj10%ntawm tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm batch.
- Tshwj xeeb Alloy Requirements:Alloy structural hlau20 Crua raws liGB/T 3077-2018(C: 0.18% -0.24%, Cr: 0.70% -1.00%). Tsawg alloy steelQ345Dua raws liGB/T 1591-2018, xav a−20℃qis- qhov kub thiab txias cuam tshuam lub zog Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 34J.
4. Kev faib cov khoom thiab kev ua tau zoo Encyclopedia
Peb muab cov kab sib tw thoob plaws txhua qib thoob ntiaj teb, suav nrog GB (Tuam Tshoj), ASTM / AISI (USA), thiab EN / DIN (Tebchaws Europe).
4.1 Carbon Structural Steels
Muab faib los ntawm cov ntsiab lus carbon, uas txiav txim siab lub zog thiab machinability:
1.Low Carbon Steel (C: 0.10%--0.30%):Kuj tseem hu ua Mild Steel.
- Qib: Q195, Q215, Q235, Q235B, S235JR, A36, 1018, A500, SS490.
- Nta:Zoo heev weldability, forgeability, thiab machinability nrog siab plasticity.
- Daim ntawv thov:Kev tsim kho rebar, scaffolding, khi pas nrig, rivets, bolts, sib sib zog nqus- kos qhov chaw (xws li, 08F, 08Al), thiab cov khoom siv boiler (20G).
2.Medium Carbon Steel (C: 0.25%--0.60%):
- Qib: 35 #, 45 #, 50 #, 1045, HG3.
- Nta:Exceptional tag nrho cov khoom siv tom qab Quenching thiab Tempering (Q&T), hardness mus txog HRC55 (HB538), Tensile Strength (σb) 600-1100MPa.
- Daim ntawv thov:Kev sib kis shafts, iav, tshuab cuab yeej spindles, piston pins.Q235yog lub hauv paus pom zoo rau kev yuav khoom.
3.High Carbon Steel (C: 0.60%--1.70%):Feem ntau hu ua Tool Steel.
- Qib: T8, T10, 65Mn, 50Mn.
- Nta:High hardness thiab hnav tsis kam; tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm - hardened thiab tempered.
- Daim ntawv thov:Hammers, crowbars, laum khoom, kais dej, reamers, springs.
4.2 Alloy Structural Steels
Txhim kho nrog Cr, Mo, Mn, Ni, thiab lwm yam, rau superior hardenability thiab toughness.
1.Low-Alloy High-Lub zog (HSLA): Q345 (16Mn), Q345B, Q345D.
Daim ntawv thov:Cov khoom siv rau cov khoom hnyav thiab kev cuam tshuam, xws li txuas hniav thiab cov tshuab hnyav.
2.Cr-Mo / Ni-Cr-Mo Series: 20Cr, 40Cr, 20CrMo, 35CrMo, 42CrMo, 4340, 4140, 4130, 40CrNiMo, 50Cr, 30CrMnSi.
Technical tsom teeb 20Cr:Tensile Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 835MPa, Yield Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 540MPa, Elongation Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 10%.
Daim ntawv thov:Hnyav- lub luag haujlwm iav shafts, roj drilling rigs, cav txuas rods, log bolts.
3.Specialty Alloy Steels: 12Cr1Mov, 15CrMo, 20CrMnTi (Qhov tseem ceeb carburizing steel), 5CrMnMo, 3Cr2W8V.
Daim ntawv thov:Automotive gearboxes, loj forging tuag, tshav kub- tiv taus cov hlab ntsha.
4.3 Stainless Hlau Round Bars
- Austenitic: 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 321, 1Cr18Ni9Ti.
- Nta:Superior corrosion kuj thiab qis -kub toughness. Siv nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov, kev kho mob, thiab chemical sectors.
- Martensitic / Precipitation Hardening: 2Cr13, 3Cr13, 17-4PH (630).
- Daim ntawv thov:Siab -lub zog twj tso kua mis, cov cuab yeej txiav, cov khoom siv dav hlau.
4.4 Lwm Cov Qib Tshwj Xeeb
- Cov kabmob steel (GCr15):High carbon chromium hlau rau dov cov ntsiab lus thiab precision spindles.
- Caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel (60Si2Mn):High elastic txwv rau automotive thiab industrial springs.
- Dawb-Txiav & Txias-Heading Steels:Optimized rau siab - ceev automated tshuab dhos machining thiab txias forging ntawm fasteners.
- Siab -Speed Steel (HSS) (W6Mo5Cr4V2):Rau cov khoom siv tho, milling cutters, thiab siab - cov cuab yeej txiav ceev.
5. Dimensions thiab Theoretical Weight Calculation
Lub theoretical nyhav ntawm round tuav yog xam raws li tus qauv ntom ntawm7.85 g / cm33.
Kev suav cov qauv:
W(kg/m) =0.006165 × d2(qhov twg dyog txoj kab uas hla mm)
Kev siv hnyav rau Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb (GB/T 702):
Φ10 hli:0.617 kg / m
Φ20 hli:2.47 kg/m²
Φ80 hli:39.45 kg / m
Φ100 hli:61,7 kg / m
6. Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Xaiv Tus Kws Lij Choj (Cov Neeg Yuav Khoom)
Lub zog vs. Toughness:Rau ib puag ncig uas cuam tshuam cov loads, ua ntejQ345Dlos yog42CrMo.
Machining Efficiency:Yuav tsum tau txo cov kauj ruam machining? XaivTxias-Drawn Round Bar(tighter tolerances).
Corrosion Protection Lub neej:Rau kev siv sab nraum zoov, xaivKub-Dip Galvanized Round Bar; rau acidic/alkaline ib puag ncig, xaiv316L Stainless hlau.
Weldability: Q235thiab qis- carbon steels yog qhov yooj yim tshaj rau vuam; nruab nrab / siab carbon steels yuav tsum tau ua ntej- cua sov.
Quality Assurance
Peb cov khoom lag luam puag ncig nruj me ntsis ua raws li GB, ASTM, thiab DIN cov qauv hais saum toj no. Txhua batch yog nrog rau tag nrhoMTC (Mill Test Certificate), npog cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg (xws li, meej Cr cov ntsiab lus rau 20Cr) thiab lub cev muaj zog (Tensile, Yield, Elongation, thiab Impact Energy), ua kom koj cov haujlwm engineering muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua raws.
[ Hu rau peb cov kws tshaj lij rau daim ntawv teev nqi tshiab rau round bar]
Common Steel Qib siv hauv CNC Machining
Xaiv cov qib hlau zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav Steel CNC Machining. Txhua qib sib txawv nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg, lub zog, machinability, thiab corrosion kuj. Kev nkag siab txog cov yam ntxwv no pab engineers thiab buyers sib npaug kev ua tau zoo, nqi, thiab precision nyob rau hauv txhua qhov machining project.
| Qib Steel | Kev Sau & Hom | Cov khoom tseem ceeb | Machinability / Weldability | Tej kev siv | TiRapid Notes & Piv txwv |
| 1018 (Low carbon hlau) | Fe, ~ 0.18% C, Mn | High ductility, yooj yim carburized, zoo toughness | Zoo machinability, zoo heev weldability | Fixtures, shafts, bushings, carburized qhov chaw | Siv los nrhiav cov khoom siv thiab cov ncej uas xav tau H7 kam rau ua (± 0.01 hli). |
| 1215 (Dawb-Machining Steel) | Fe, C, Mn, siab S | Tsim cov chips me me, txhawb kev txiav ceev, qis zog | Zoo machinability, tsis zoo weldability | Fittings, pins, screws, tsis siv neeg tshuab dhos qhov chaw | Zoo tagnrho rau huab hwm coj-screws ntau lawm; txuag 25% lub sijhawm voj voog. |
| 1045 (Medium Carbon Steel) | Fe, ~0.45% C, Mn, Si | Nyuaj, pheej yig, nruab nrab hardenable | Nruab nrab machinability, ncaj weldability | Ncej, gears, bolts, pins | Machined hydraulic rods, nto hauv av rau Ra Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.4 µm. |
| 4130 (Cr-Mo Alloy hlau) | Fe, Cr, Mo, Mn | Lub zog siab -rau- qhov hnyav piv, tshav kub- kho tau | Nruab nrab machinability, zoo weldability | Welded ncej, aircraft qhov chaw | Siv nyob rau hauv welded tswj caj npab; bores khaws cia Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 0.01 hli coaxiality. |
| 4140 (Cr{1}}Mo Alloy Steel) | Fe, Cr, Mo, Mn | Zoo heev qaug zog thiab hnav tsis kam; ua ntej - nyuaj machinable | Zoo machinability, nruab nrab weldability | Couplings, spindles, iav | Ua ntej-hardened 4140 hubs ± 0.01 hli; induction-cov hniav tawv. |
| 304 Stainless hlau | 18 Cr – 8 Ni (Austenitic) | Zoo heev corrosion kuj, siab formability | Zoo machinability, zoo heev weldability | Khoom noj khoom haus, vaj tse, clamps | Enclosures nrog 0.03 hli flatness tshaj 100 hli. |
| 316 / 316L Stainless hlau | 17 Cr – 12 Ni – 2.5 Mo | Superior corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv marine los yog tshuaj ib puag ncig | Zoo machinability, zoo heev weldability | Marine li qub, cov khoom siv tshuaj | 316L valve blocks, Ra Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.8 µm tom qab zom, xau{2}}dawb. |
| 17-4PH Stainless hlau | Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu | Siab zog thiab corrosion kuj, hnub nyoog -hardenable | Nruab nrab machinability, zoo weldability | Aerospace qhov chaw, twj tso kua mis shafts | Machined ces H900-hnub nyoog pins, positional tol Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.02 hli. |
| Cov cuab yeej hlau (D2, H13, O1, A2) | Siab C + Cr / Mo | Kev hnav thiab kub tsis kam, ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub thiab txias | Tsis yooj yim machinability, tsis zoo weldability | Tuag, pwm, txiav cov cuab yeej | H13 pwm kab noj hniav EDM-Tiav Ra Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.4 µm, kaum lub vojvoog Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.2 hli. |
Xaiv Phau Ntawv Qhia
| Lub Hom Phiaj / Xav Tau | Pom zoo Qib | Qhov tseem ceeb Advantage |
| Ceev machining, prototypes | 1215 / 1018 | High txiav efficiency, tsis tshua muaj cuab yeej hnav |
| Siab zog & qaug zog qhov chaw | 4140 / 4130 | Zoo heev mechanical endurance |
| Corrosion{0}} ib puag ncig tseem ceeb | 316L / 17-4PH | Superior corrosion kuj |
| Khoom noj khoom haus & kev kho mob Cheebtsam | 304 / 316L | Hygienic thiab yooj yim rau welding |
| Hnav-cov pwm pwm & tuag | D2 / H13 | High hardness thiab kub stability |
| Kev lag luam dav dav - lub hom phiaj shafts | 1045 | Nyuaj thiab raug nqi - zoo |
GB/T 702-2017: Kub-dov steel bars - Qhov ntev, zoo, qhov hnyav thiab kev tso cai hloov pauv
3.2 Dimensions thiab Permissible Variations
3.2.1Tso cai variations nyob rau hauv qhov ntev rau kub - dov puag ncig thiab square bars yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev cai nyob rau hauvTable 1. Pawg kam rau ua yuav tsum tau teev nyob rau hauv cov khoom sib xws lossis daim ntawv cog lus yuav khoom;Yog tias tsis tau teev tseg, Pawg 3 tso cai hloov pauv yuav tsum raug siv.
Table 1: Tso cai Variations ntawm Dimensions rau Kub-rolled Round thiab Square Bars
(Unit: hli)
| Nominal Hla-section Dimension (Round bar txoj kab uas hla lossis Square bar sab ntev) | Pawg 1 | Pab pawg 2 | Pawg 3 (Default) |
|
>5.5∼20 |
±0.25 |
±0.35 |
±0.40 |
|
>20∼30 |
±0.30 |
±0.40 |
±0.50 |
Round Bar Specification Table
Qauv:
GB/T 699-1988(Quality Carbon Structural Steels)
GB/T 700-1988(Carbon Structural Steels)
GB/T 3077-1988(Alloy Structural Steels)
GB/T 702-1986(Kub-Kub Steel Bars Dimensions & Tolerances)
QJ/HG02.17-1991(Internal Specialized Standard)
| Qib Steel | Txoj kab uas hla (ϕ, mm) | Qib Steel | Txoj kab uas hla (ϕ, mm) |
| 8# - 10# | ϕ16 - 290 | 65mn ua | ϕ40 - 300 |
| 15# | ϕ14 - 150 | 45mn 2 | ϕ18 - 75 |
| 20# | ϕ8 - 480 | 60 Si2 Mn | ϕ16 - 150 |
| 35# | ϕ8 - 480 | 20 CrMnTi | ϕ10 - 480 |
| 45# | ϕ6.5 - 480 | 20 CrmnTiB | ϕ16 - 75 |
| Q235B | ϕ6.5 - 180 | GCr15 | ϕ16 - 400 |
| 40 Cr | ϕ8 - 480 | ML 35 | ϕ8 - 150 |
| 20 Cr | ϕ10 - 480 | T8 - T13 | ϕ8 - 480 |
| 42CrMo | ϕ12 - 480 | Cr 12 | ϕ16 - 300 |
| 35 CrMo | ϕ12 - 480 | Cr12MOV | ϕ16 - 300 |
| 20 CrMo | ϕ12 - 300 | 3 cr2w8v | ϕ16 - 300 |
| 38 CrMoAL | ϕ20 - 300 | 45Cr / 50Cr | ϕ20 - 300 |
| 5CrMnMo | ϕ20 - 450 | 20CrMnMo | ϕ20 - 300 |
| 16Mn (Q345B) | ϕ14 - 365 | 40mn 2 | ϕ28 - 60 |
| 50 Mn | ϕ40 - 200 | 35cr ua | ϕ55 |
| 15 CrMo | ϕ21, ϕ24, ϕ75 | 15 Mn | ϕ32, ϕ170 |
| 25# | ϕ16 - 280 | 40CrMnMo | ϕ80 - ϕ160 |
| YF45MnV | ϕ28 - 80 | 27 Sib | ϕ20 - 350 |
| 30# | ϕ6.5 - 480 | CrWMn | ϕ20 - 300 |
| 30 CrMo | ϕ28 | H13 (4Cr5MoSiV1) | ϕ20 - 300 |
| 30 CrMnTi | ϕ16 - 300 | 40CrNiMo | ϕ20 - 400 |
| 60# | ϕ210, ϕ260 |
Raws li ib qho ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab cov muag khoom nyob rau hauv Suav teb, peb sov siab txais tos koj los yuav cov khoom lag luam wholesale ntawm no thiab tau txais cov qauv dawb los ntawm peb lub hoobkas. Tag nrho cov khoom customized yog nrog cov khoom zoo thiab tus nqi qis.